The EU has built the world's densest digital rulebook but cannot enforce it: 171 laws, 315 EU-level bodies, and enforcement that bends under political pressure. This Strategy Note, written with Maria Koomen, sets out a sequenced way out. A cooperation forum in 2027, the transformation of HaDEA into an independent Digital Enforcement Agency within the next EU budget, and treaty reform thereafter. Published ahead of the Commission's Digital Fitness Check, as a starting point fo

Europe is living through a geoeconomic turning point: interdependence is no longer treated as a peace dividend, but as a strategic vulnerability. Nowhere is that clearer than in the digital domain, where control over data centers, cloud stacks, protocols, and data flows increasingly determines power.

Ukraine has rapidly built a resilient digital state infrastructure—even under active Russian attacks—making public services and governance more agile, transparent, and secure. The article argues that this “digital sovereignty” was constructed not through lofty policy declarations but through real wartime necessity and technological innovation. It questions why the EU hasn’t more forcefully supported or learned from Ukraine’s experience, urging greater strategic cooperation an

My European View article explains how the European Parliament can fix its internal deficits to become a more powerful co-legislator.